Job adverts, workplace vocabulary, CV and interview phrases decoded. 招聘广告、职场词汇、简历和面试用语解读。

ACAS Neutral Neutral

A free, impartial public body that gives advice on workplace rights and helps sort out disputes between staff and employers. Their website and helpline are a t…

ACAS：免费、中立的公共机构，提供职场权利建议，并协助化解员工与雇主之间的纠纷。在事情闹到劳动法庭之前，其网站和热线是值…

Annual leave Neutral Neutral

Your paid holiday from work. Full-time UK workers are legally entitled to at least 28 days a year (which can include bank holidays). You usually request days o…

年假：带薪休假。英国全职员工依法每年至少享有 28 天（可含公共假日）。通常通过主管或线上系统申请休假。

Appraisal Neutral Neutral

A formal review, usually once or twice a year, where you and your manager discuss your performance, goals and sometimes pay. Also called a performance review. …

绩效评估（appraisal）：通常每年一到两次的正式面谈，你和主管讨论表现、目标，有时还有薪资，也叫 performance review。带上…

Apprenticeship Neutral Neutral

A real paid job combined with training towards a qualification, from entry level up to degree level. Common in trades, engineering, accounting and even law. Yo…

学徒制：一份真正的带薪工作，同时接受培训并考取资格证书，从入门级到学位级都有。常见于技工、工程、会计甚至法律行业。边工…

Assessment centre Neutral Neutral

A half or full day where employers test several candidates together through group tasks, presentations, interviews and exercises. Common for graduate schemes. …

评估中心（assessment centre）：雇主用半天或一整天，通过小组任务、演示、面试和练习同时考察多名候选人，管培生项目常见。他…

Auto-enrolment Formal Neutral

The law that means employers must automatically put eligible staff into a workplace pension and pay in on their behalf. You are enrolled without doing anything…

自动加入：法律规定雇主须自动将符合条件的员工纳入职场养老金并代为缴款。你无需操作即被加入；若确实想退出，可在规定时限内…

Away day Informal Neutral

A day when a team leaves the usual workplace for planning, training or team-building, often with a more relaxed feel. Attendance is usually expected as part of…

团队外出日（away day）：团队离开日常办公地点，进行规划、培训或团队建设的一天，气氛通常较轻松。虽在外且形式随意，但一般…

Bank holiday Neutral Neutral

A public holiday when many businesses, banks and schools close, such as Christmas, Easter Monday and the late-August Monday. You do not automatically get them …

公共假日：许多商铺、银行和学校歇业的法定假日，如圣诞节、复活节星期一和 8 月底的星期一。你并非自动带薪放假——取决于你的合…

Benefits package Neutral Neutral

Everything a job gives you besides salary: pension contributions, private healthcare, extra holiday, discounts, gym membership and so on. Job adverts often cal…

工资以外的全部福利：养老金缴纳、私人医疗、额外假期、员工折扣、健身会员等。广告里也常叫"perks"（福利待遇）。

Bonus Neutral Neutral

Extra money on top of salary, paid for good performance, hitting targets or at year-end. A discretionary bonus is not guaranteed; a contractual bonus is promis…

奖金：工资之外的额外收入，因表现好、达成目标或年终而发放。酌情奖金（discretionary）没有保证；合同奖金（contractual）是…

Calling in sick Informal Neutral

Letting your employer know you are too ill to work that day, usually by phone or message before your start time. For a short illness you can self-certify; afte…

请病假：告知雇主你当天因病无法上班，通常在上班时间前打电话或发消息。短期患病可自我证明；超过 7 天一般需要医生开的 fit n…

Careers fair Neutral Neutral

An event where employers set up stands, usually at a university, to meet students and advertise jobs and graduate schemes. Bring questions, dress smartly and c…

招聘会：雇主（通常在大学里）设展位与学生见面、宣传职位和管培生项目的活动。带着问题去、穿得体一些、记下联系人姓名——这可…

Circle back Informal Polite

Office jargon meaning to return to a topic later, e.g. 'let's circle back on this next week'. In meetings it can politely park an idea — and sometimes it is a …

办公室行话，意为稍后再回到某个话题，如“let's circle back next week”（我们下周再谈这个）。开会时常用来礼貌地把议题先搁置…

Clocking in Informal Neutral

Recording the exact time you start and finish work, by badge, app or machine — common in factories, warehouses and shops. Also clocking out at the end. Your pa…

打卡（clocking in）：用工牌、应用或机器记录你上班和下班的准确时间——工厂、仓库和商店常见，下班时叫 clocking out。你的计…

Closing date Neutral Neutral

The last day you can apply for a job. UK applications submitted after the closing date are almost never accepted, especially for public-sector and university j…

申请截止日期。在英国，过了截止日期的申请几乎不会被接受，公共部门和高校职位尤其如此。最好提前几天提交，以防技术故障。

Commission Neutral Neutral

A payment based on how much you sell, common in sales and estate agency. It can be on top of a basic salary or a big part of your pay. Ask how realistic the ta…

提成：按销售额计算的报酬，常见于销售和房产中介。可能是在底薪之外，也可能是收入的主要部分。在指望它之前，先问清目标有多…

Competency-based interview Formal Neutral

An interview where questions start with 'Tell me about a time you…' and you answer with real examples proving a skill like teamwork or problem-solving. Very co…

能力素质面试（competency-based interview）：问题以“请讲一次你……的经历”开头，你用真实事例证明团队合作、解决问题等能力。…

Competitive salary Formal Neutral

A phrase in job adverts meaning the pay is not stated. It suggests the pay is similar to other jobs like it — but you will not know the number until you ask or…

招聘广告里的常见说法，意思是"不写具体工资"。暗示薪资与同类职位相当，但不问或不拿到offer就不知道数字。礼貌地询问薪资范围…

Conditional offer Formal Neutral

A job offer that only stands if certain checks pass — for example references, a DBS check, right-to-work proof or health screening. Don't hand in your notice u…

有条件录用（conditional offer）：仅在若干核查通过后才成立的录用——例如推荐证明、DBS 核查、工作许可证明或健康检查。条件清…

Contract of employment Formal Neutral

The agreement setting out your job, pay, hours, holiday and notice. By law you must get a written statement of the main terms on or before your first day. Read…

雇佣合同：规定你的工作、薪资、工时、假期和通知期的协议。法律规定你须在入职当天或之前拿到主要条款的书面声明。签字前读清…

Contractor Neutral Neutral

A self-employed professional hired for a fixed period, often at a day rate — common in IT, engineering and construction. Contractors usually earn more per day …

合同工/独立承包人：按固定期限受雇的自雇专业人士，常按日计费，多见于IT、工程和建筑行业。日薪通常比正式员工高，但客户不提…

Counteroffer Neutral Neutral

When your current employer offers you better pay or terms to stay, after you've said you're leaving. It can be flattering, but think about why you wanted to le…

挽留报价（counteroffer）：你表明要离职后，现雇主为留住你而提出的更高薪资或更好条件。它听着让人受用，但要想清你当初为何…

Cover letter Neutral Neutral

A short letter sent with your CV explaining why you want the job and why you fit it. Many UK employers still expect one, even if the advert does not clearly as…

随简历一起提交的求职信，说明你为什么想要这份工作、为什么合适。很多英国雇主即使没明说，也默认你会附上一封。

CV Neutral Neutral

Short for "curriculum vitae" — the document listing your education and work history. In the UK people say "CV", not "resume". A UK CV is usually two pages, wit…

即"curriculum vitae"（个人简历）。在英国大家说 CV，不说 resume。英式简历一般两页，不放照片，也不写出生日期。

DBS check Formal Neutral

A criminal record check from the Disclosure and Barring Service, required for jobs with children or vulnerable adults — schools, care work, tutoring, some volu…

DBS核查：由Disclosure and Barring Service出具的无犯罪记录核查，凡涉及儿童或弱势成年人的工作都需要——学校、护理、家教及部…

Deductions Neutral Neutral

The amounts taken off your gross pay: income tax, National Insurance, pension contributions and sometimes student loan repayments. Each appears as a separate l…

扣款：从税前工资中扣除的项目，包括所得税、国民保险、养老金缴款，有时还有学生贷款还款。每一项都在工资单上单独列一行。

Disciplinary Formal Neutral

The formal process an employer uses when they think an employee has broken rules or underperformed. It can lead to warnings or dismissal. You usually have the …

纪律处分程序（disciplinary）：雇主认为员工违规或表现不佳时启动的正式程序，可能导致警告或解雇。你通常有权提前被告知问题…

Emergency tax Formal Neutral

A temporary tax code used when your employer does not yet have full details about you, often in your first job or after a gap. It usually taxes you more than n…

紧急税：雇主尚未掌握你完整信息时临时使用的税号，常见于第一份工作或空窗期后。通常会多扣税；等正确税号到位后，HMRC 会退还…

Expenses Neutral Neutral

Money you spend for work — travel, materials, meals away from base — that the employer pays back, usually after you file a claim with receipts. Some costs may …

报销费用（expenses）：你为工作花的钱——差旅、材料、外出用餐等——由雇主报销，通常凭收据提交申请后返还。若你是自雇，部分开…

Fixed-term contract Neutral Neutral

A job with a set end date, e.g. "12-month fixed-term" to cover maternity leave or a project. Often shortened to "FTC". It can sometimes be extended or made per…

固定期限合同，有明确的结束日期，比如为产假顶班或某个项目而设的"12个月固定期限"，常缩写为FTC。有时会续签或转永久，但没有…

Flexible working Neutral Neutral

Changing when, where or how much you work — e.g. different hours, part-time or home working. In the UK, employees have a legal right to request flexible workin…

弹性工作：调整工作时间、地点或时长，如错峰上下班、兼职或居家办公。在英国，员工从入职第一天起就有权提出弹性工作申请，雇…

Freelancer Neutral Neutral

Someone self-employed who works for different clients, often in creative or digital fields. Freelancers invoice clients, sort out their own tax through Self As…

自由职业者：自雇人士，为不同客户工作，常见于创意和数字行业。自由职业者自己开发票、通过Self Assessment自行报税，没有病假…

Full-time Neutral Neutral

Working the standard full week, usually 35 to 40 hours in the UK. Job adverts often write "FT". Full-time staff normally get the full holiday allowance and ben…

全职，在英国通常指每周35到40小时。广告里常缩写为FT。全职员工一般享有完整的年假和福利。

Garden leave Formal Neutral

When you have resigned or been given notice but the employer tells you to stay home during your notice period while still being paid. It stops you starting a c…

花园假（garden leave）：你已辞职或被通知离职，但雇主让你在通知期内留在家中、照常发薪。目的是防止你立刻去竞争对手处上班…

Graduate scheme Neutral Neutral

A structured training programme at a large employer for new university graduates, usually lasting one to three years, often rotating between departments. Appli…

管培生项目：大公司面向应届毕业生的结构化培训计划，一般为期一到三年，常在不同部门轮岗。申请开放很早——通常9月到12月申请，…

Grievance Formal Neutral

A formal complaint you raise at work about treatment, pay or conditions, usually in writing to HR or your manager. Employers must have a grievance procedure. I…

申诉（grievance）：你就待遇、薪资或工作条件在职场提出的正式投诉，通常书面提交给 HR 或主管。雇主须设有申诉程序。私下沟通…

Gross misconduct Formal Neutral

Serious wrongdoing at work — such as theft, violence or a major safety breach — that can lead to instant dismissal without notice. It's a high bar, and the emp…

严重不当行为（gross misconduct）：工作中的严重过错——如盗窃、暴力或重大安全违规——可导致无通知即时解雇。认定门槛很高，雇…

Gross pay Neutral Neutral

Your pay before anything is taken off — the headline salary or wage figure. Job adverts almost always quote gross pay, so the amount reaching your bank will be…

税前工资：扣除任何款项之前的工资，即广告上标出的那个数字。招聘广告几乎都写税前工资，所以扣完税等款项后，实际到账会更少。

Handing in your notice Neutral Neutral

Formally telling your employer you are resigning, usually in a short written letter or email. Also said as giving notice or handing in your resignation. The cl…

递交辞呈：正式告知雇主你要辞职，通常写一封简短的书面信或邮件，也说 giving notice 或 handing in your resignation。通知期…

Holiday pay Formal Neutral

The pay you still receive while on annual leave. Even zero-hours and agency workers build up holiday pay based on the hours they work. It should not be rolled …

假期工资：休年假期间照常发放的工资。即便是零工时和中介员工，也按工时累积假期工资。它不应被并入时薪而不单独列示。

HR (Human Resources) Neutral Neutral

The department that handles hiring, contracts, pay queries, holidays and workplace problems. Also called People or People & Culture in some firms. Go to HR for…

人力资源部（HR）：负责招聘、合同、薪资疑问、假期和职场问题的部门，有些公司叫 People 或 People & Culture。直属主管解决不…

Hybrid Neutral Neutral

A pattern where you split the week between the office and home, e.g. "hybrid — 2 days in the office". Very common in UK office jobs since 2020. Always check ho…

混合办公：每周部分时间在办公室、部分在家，如"hybrid——每周到岗2天"。2020年后在英国办公室工作中非常普遍。要问清楚每周需到…

Induction Neutral Neutral

A formal introduction session or day for new staff, covering health and safety, company rules and how things work. Common in the NHS, factories, retail and car…

入职培训（induction）：面向新员工的正式介绍环节或整天安排，涵盖健康安全、公司规章和运作方式。在 NHS、工厂、零售和护理行…

Internship Neutral Neutral

A short period of work at a company to gain experience, often over the summer. In the UK, interns doing real work are normally legally entitled to at least the…

实习：在公司短期工作以积累经验，常在暑期进行。在英国，做实际工作的实习生通常依法至少应拿最低工资——有固定工时和职责却不…

IR35 Formal Neutral

The name of UK tax rules about contractors who work through their own company. You will hear "inside IR35" (taxed like an employee) and "outside IR35" in contr…

英国一套关于通过自有公司接活的合同工的税务规则的名称。合同岗广告里常见"inside IR35"（按雇员方式纳税）和"outside IR35"。…

Job board Neutral Neutral

A website where jobs are advertised and you can apply, such as Indeed, Reed, Totaljobs or the government's Find a Job. Set up alerts for your role and area so …

招聘网站（job board）：发布职位、供你申请的网站，如 Indeed、Reed、Totaljobs 或政府的 Find a Job。为你的岗位和地区设置提…

Job description Neutral Neutral

The document that lists what a job involves — the duties, the team and who you report to. Often shortened to "JD". Read it carefully before applying and before…

职位描述，列出工作职责、所在团队和汇报对象，常缩写为 JD。申请前和面试前都要仔细读。

Job offer Neutral Neutral

The employer's formal proposal to hire you, usually confirmed in an offer letter or email with the salary, start date and any conditions. Nothing is final unti…

录用通知（job offer）：雇主正式提出聘用你的意向，通常以录用信或邮件确认，写明薪资、入职日期和任何条件。在你书面接受前一…

Kind regards Formal Polite

The standard polite sign-off for UK work emails, written just before your name. 'Best regards', 'Best wishes' and a casual 'Thanks' are common too. 'Regards' o…

英国工作邮件最常用的礼貌结尾语，写在署名前。也常用 Best regards、Best wishes 或随意些的 Thanks。单写 Regards 会显得冷淡…

Limited company Formal Neutral

A registered company that is legally separate from you, often set up by contractors to work through (a 'Ltd'). It has its own tax and filing duties at Companie…

有限公司（Ltd）：在法律上与你个人相互独立的注册公司，合同工常成立它来接活。它在 Companies House 和 HMRC 有自己的税务和…

Line manager Neutral Neutral

The person you report to directly — the one who sets your tasks, approves your leave and does your appraisal. In UK workplaces you usually raise day-to-day iss…

直属主管（line manager）：你直接汇报的对象——安排你的工作、批准你的休假、做你的绩效评估。在英国职场，日常问题通常先找直…

Maternity leave Formal Neutral

Time off for a mother around the birth of a child — up to 52 weeks in the UK, with statutory pay for much of it. Related rights include paternity and shared pa…

产假：母亲在孩子出生前后的休假——英国最长 52 周，其中大部分时间有法定工资。相关权利还包括陪产假和共享育儿假。详情和费率…

Mileage allowance Neutral Neutral

Money paid per mile when you use your own car for work, to cover fuel and wear. HMRC sets an approved rate per mile up to which it's tax-free. It does not usua…

里程津贴（mileage allowance）：因公使用私家车时按英里支付的补贴，用于抵偿油费和车损。HMRC 设定了一个每英里的免税上限费…

National Insurance Formal Neutral

A separate payment taken from your wages (as well as income tax) that builds up your right to the State Pension and some benefits. Often written NI or NIC. Emp…

国民保险：在所得税之外从工资里扣的另一笔款项，用于累积你领取国家养老金和部分福利的资格，常写作 NI 或 NIC。雇员通过 PAYE…

National Insurance number Formal Neutral

Your personal reference number for the tax and benefits system, made of letters and digits like AB123456C. You need one to work legally and be taxed correctly.…

国民保险号：你在税务和福利系统里的个人编号，由字母和数字组成，如 AB123456C。合法工作和正确纳税都需要它。号码终身不变；…

National Living Wage Formal Neutral

The legal minimum hourly rate for workers aged 21 and over — a higher band of the minimum wage system, despite the different name. The rate rises most Aprils; …

国家生活工资：21岁及以上员工的法定最低时薪——虽然名字不同，其实是最低工资体系中较高的一档。费率通常每年4月上调，当前数额…

National Minimum Wage Formal Neutral

The lowest hourly pay an employer can legally give workers under 21 and apprentices. The rates change every April and depend on your age — check the current fi…

全国最低工资：法律规定雇主必须支付给21岁以下员工和学徒的最低时薪。费率每年4月调整，按年龄分档——当前标准见GOV.UK。支付低…

Net pay Neutral Neutral

The money you actually receive after tax, National Insurance, pension and any other deductions — sometimes called your take-home pay. This is what lands in you…

税后工资：扣除所得税、国民保险、养老金及其他款项后你真正拿到的钱，也叫 take-home pay（到手工资）。这才是每个发薪日打进…

Networking Neutral Neutral

Building work contacts who might tell you about jobs or put in a good word — through events, LinkedIn, or people you already know. Many UK roles, especially pa…

人脉拓展（networking）：通过活动、领英或熟人建立职场联系，他们可能告诉你职位空缺或替你美言——很多英国岗位，尤其兼职和零…

Night shift Neutral Neutral

A shift worked overnight, often roughly 8pm to 8am. UK night workers have some extra legal protections, and many jobs pay a higher night rate or shift allowanc…

夜班：通宵工作的班次，常约为晚 8 点到早 8 点。英国夜班工人有一些额外法律保护，许多工作还付更高的夜班时薪或轮班津贴。接…

Notice period Neutral Neutral

How much warning you or your employer must give before ending the job — often one week during probation, then a month or more. You are usually expected to keep…

通知期：你或雇主结束雇佣关系前须提前告知的时长——试用期常为一周，之后一个月或更长。期间一般仍须照常工作。具体天数看你的…

On-call Neutral Neutral

When you're not working but must be reachable and ready to come in or respond if needed, common in IT, care and healthcare. There are rules about pay for on-ca…

待命（on-call）：你没在上班，但必须保持可联系、随时能到岗或响应，IT、护理和医疗行业常见。待命时间的报酬有相关规定——同意…

Onboarding Neutral Neutral

The process of settling a new starter into the job: paperwork, IT accounts, training and introductions in the first days or weeks. A good onboarding helps you …

入职引导（onboarding）：让新员工适应工作的过程，包括最初几天到几周的文书手续、IT 账号、培训和介绍认识。良好的入职引导能…

One-to-one (1:1) Neutral Neutral

A short, regular private meeting between you and your line manager — often weekly or fortnightly — to check on work, blockers and support. Less formal than an …

一对一（1:1）：你和直属主管之间简短、定期的私下会议，常为每周或每两周一次，用来沟通工作、障碍和支持，比绩效评估随意。适…

OTE (on-target earnings) Neutral Neutral

Seen in sales job adverts, e.g. "£25,000 basic, £40,000 OTE". OTE is what you might earn if you hit all your sales targets — it is not guaranteed. Only the bas…

常见于销售岗广告，如"底薪£25,000，OTE £40,000"。OTE指完成全部销售目标时可能拿到的总收入，并无保证；只有底薪是确定的。

Out of office (OOO) Informal Neutral

An automatic email reply set up while you're away, saying you can't respond and who to contact instead. Also spoken as 'I'm OOO next week'. Setting one before …

外出自动回复（OOO）：你不在时设置的邮件自动回复，说明你无法回复以及改联系谁，口语里也说“I'm OOO next week”（我下周不在…

Overtime Neutral Neutral

Hours worked beyond your normal contracted hours. Some jobs pay extra for it, some pay your normal rate, and some expect unpaid overtime. Always check your con…

加班：超出合同约定正常工时的部分。有的工作额外付酬，有的按正常时薪付，有的则默认无薪加班。务必看合同——英国并无“加班必付…

P45 Formal Neutral

The form your employer gives you when you leave a job, showing your pay and tax so far this year. You hand it to your next employer so they use the right tax c…

P45：离职时雇主发给你的表格，显示本年度到目前为止的工资和已缴税额。把它交给下一个雇主，好让他们用正确的税号。要保管好——…

P60 Formal Neutral

A yearly summary from your employer showing your total pay and tax for the tax year (which runs April to April). You get one after 5 April if you are still emp…

P60：雇主提供的年度汇总，显示整个税务年度（4 月到次年 4 月）的总工资和总税额。若你在职，会在 4 月 5 日后收到。办退税、…

Part-time Neutral Neutral

Working fewer hours than a full week, e.g. 20 hours or weekends only. Adverts write "PT". Pay and holiday are usually pro rata. Many students work part-time; i…

兼职，工时少于全职，例如每周20小时或只在周末。广告缩写为PT。工资和年假通常按比例折算。很多学生做兼职；持学生签证者请先…

Paternity leave Formal Neutral

Time off for a father or partner after a baby is born or adopted — usually one or two weeks of statutory leave, with statutory pay. Some employers offer more. …

陪产假：孩子出生或领养后，父亲或伴侣的休假——通常为一到两周的法定假，有法定工资。有些雇主提供更多。一般须提前通知。

PAYE (Pay As You Earn) Formal Neutral

The system where your employer takes income tax and National Insurance out of your pay before you get it, and sends it to HMRC. Most employees are on PAYE and …

PAYE（随赚随缴）：雇主在发工资前先扣除所得税和国民保险，再上缴给 HMRC 的制度。大多数雇员走 PAYE，无需自行报税。扣款项目…

Payslip Neutral Neutral

The document (paper or online) showing your pay for the period: gross pay, deductions like tax and National Insurance, and the net pay that actually reaches yo…

工资单：显示某期工资的凭证（纸质或电子），包含税前工资、所得税和国民保险等扣款，以及实际到账的税后工资。法律规定雇主须…

Per annum Formal Neutral

Latin for "per year". Salaries in UK job adverts are usually yearly figures, often written "£28,000 p.a.". Hourly pay is more common for casual and part-time w…

拉丁语"每年"的意思。英国招聘广告的工资一般写年薪，常缩写为"£28,000 p.a."。零工和兼职则多按小时计酬。

Permanent Neutral Neutral

A job with no end date — you stay until you resign or the employer ends it following proper process. This is the standard "normal job" contract in the UK, some…

永久合同（无固定期限），没有结束日期——除非你辞职或雇主依正当程序解除。这是英国最常见的"正式工作"合同，有时写作perm。

Person specification Formal Neutral

A list of the skills and experience the employer wants, often split into "essential" and "desirable". In the UK, especially for university and public-sector jo…

任职要求清单，常分为"必备"（essential）和"加分"（desirable）两栏。在英国，尤其是高校和公共部门职位，申请就是按这个清单…

Personal statement Neutral Neutral

A short paragraph at the top of a CV, or a longer written answer in an application form, summarising your skills and goals. Some job applications ask for one i…

简历开头的一小段自我概述，或申请表里较长的书面自述，总结你的技能和目标。有些职位申请用它代替求职信。

Placement year Neutral Neutral

A year working in industry as part of a university degree, usually between the second and final year. Also called a "sandwich year" or "year in industry". Plac…

实习年：大学学位中在企业工作的一年，通常安排在大二和大四之间，也叫"sandwich year"或"year in industry"。实习年学生一般有…

Pro rata Formal Neutral

Latin for "in proportion". If a part-time job says "£24,000 pro rata", £24,000 is the full-time salary — you get a share of it matching your hours. Working hal…

拉丁语，意为"按比例"。兼职广告写"£24,000 pro rata"时，£24,000是全职年薪，你按工作时长拿相应比例。做一半的工时就拿一半的…

Probation period Neutral Neutral

A trial period at the start of a new job, often three to six months, when either side can end things with shorter notice. Some benefits may not start until you…

试用期：新工作开始时的考察期，常为三到六个月，期间双方均可以较短的通知期解除。有些福利要转正后才生效。通过试用期通常会…

Psychometric test Neutral Neutral

Online tests, often numerical, verbal or logical reasoning, used to screen candidates before or during recruitment. You can prepare with free practice tests. T…

心理测评（psychometric test）：线上测试，多为数字、语言或逻辑推理，用于招聘前或招聘中筛选候选人。可用免费练习题准备。通…

Pull a sickie Informal Depends on context

Informal slang for taking a day off by pretending to be ill when you are not. It is spoken about jokingly but can be treated as misconduct if an employer finds…

装病翘班（pull a sickie）：非正式俚语，指其实没病却假装生病请假。人们常拿它开玩笑，但被雇主发现可能被当作违纪，所以这个…

Real Living Wage Neutral Neutral

A voluntary higher hourly rate, set by the Living Wage Foundation and based on the actual cost of living. It is not the same as the legal National Living Wage.…

真实生活工资：由 Living Wage Foundation 设定的自愿性更高时薪，按实际生活成本计算，与法定的 National Living Wage 不是一…

Recruiter Neutral Neutral

Someone who finds candidates for jobs — either in-house at the company or at an agency working for many employers. A good recruiter can brief you on the role a…

招聘专员（recruiter）：为职位物色候选人的人——可能是公司内部的，也可能是服务多家雇主的中介。好的招聘专员能向你介绍岗位和…

Redundancy Formal Neutral

When your job is cut because the employer no longer needs the role, not because of anything you did. If you have worked there long enough you may get redundanc…

裁员：因雇主不再需要这个岗位而裁撤你的工作，与你个人表现无关。若你在职时间足够长，可能获得裁员补偿。雇主须遵循法定流程…

Referee Formal Neutral

A person who agrees to give you a reference — usually a former manager, or a tutor if you have not worked before. UK applications often ask for two referees. A…

推荐人（referee）：同意为你提供推荐评价的人——通常是前上司，没工作过的话可以是导师。英国求职申请常要求提供两位推荐人。写…

References Neutral Neutral

Statements from previous employers confirming you worked there and, sometimes, what you were like. UK job offers are often conditional on satisfactory referenc…

推荐/证明（references）：前雇主出具的说明，确认你曾在那里工作，有时还评价你的表现。英国的录用往往以获得满意的推荐证明为…

Right to work Formal Neutral

Employers in the UK must check by law that everyone they hire is legally allowed to work here, so you will be asked for proof — for example a share code or pas…

工作许可：英国雇主依法必须核查每位新员工是否有权在英工作，所以入职前会要求你提供证明，比如share code或护照核验。具体能…

Rolling applications Neutral Neutral

When an employer reviews applications as they arrive and hires as soon as they find good people, instead of waiting for a deadline. The advert may close early …

滚动招聘：雇主随到随审，招到合适的人就发offer，不等截止日期。职位招满后广告可能提前关闭——所以要尽早申请。

Salary expectations Neutral Neutral

What pay you're hoping for, which employers often ask about in applications or interviews. Research the typical range for the role first, then give a band rath…

薪资期望（salary expectations）：你希望的薪酬，雇主常在申请或面试中问及。先查清该岗位的常见区间，然后给一个范围而非单一…

Salary negotiation Neutral Polite

Politely discussing pay after an offer to try to improve it. In the UK it's acceptable to negotiate once, backed by market rates or your experience. Be reasona…

薪资谈判（salary negotiation）：拿到 offer 后礼貌地商谈以争取更好薪酬。在英国，凭市场行情或你的经验谈一次是可以接受的。…

Salary sacrifice Formal Neutral

An arrangement where you give up part of your gross salary in exchange for a benefit — extra pension, a cycle-to-work bike, or an electric car. Because it come…

薪资牺牲：你放弃部分税前工资，换取某项福利——额外养老金、Cycle to Work 自行车或电动车等。因为是税前扣除，通常能少缴税和…

Self Assessment Formal Neutral

The system for telling HMRC (the UK tax office) about income that is not taxed automatically — mainly for self-employed people. You register, then file a tax r…

向HMRC（英国税务局）申报未自动扣税收入的制度，主要面向自雇人士：先注册，然后每年提交纳税申报表。走PAYE的雇员一般不需要…

Shared parental leave Formal Neutral

A scheme letting parents split much of the leave and pay after a birth or adoption between them, in a flexible way. It is optional and the rules are detailed —…

共享育儿假：允许父母在孩子出生或领养后，灵活地在两人之间分配大部分假期和工资的制度。它是可选的，规则较细——规划前请先阅…

Shift work Neutral Neutral

Work organised into set blocks of hours (shifts) that can change from week to week, including early, late and night shifts. Common in hospitality, retail, care…

轮班工作：把工作分成固定时段（班次），且可能每周变化，包括早班、晚班和夜班。餐饮、零售、护理和 NHS 常见。通常会提前拿到…

Shortlisted Neutral Neutral

Chosen from all the applicants to go through to the next stage, usually an interview. If you are shortlisted you will get an email or call; many UK employers o…

进入候选名单（shortlisted）：从全部申请者中被选中进入下一轮，通常是面试。入围会收到邮件或电话；很多英国雇主只联系入围者…

Sole trader Formal Neutral

The simplest way to be self-employed: you and the business are the same legal person. You keep the profits but are personally responsible for debts, and you re…

个体经营者（sole trader）：最简单的自雇形式：你和企业在法律上是同一人。利润归你，但债务由你个人承担，收入通过 Self Asse…

Speculative application Formal Neutral

Sending your CV and a short letter to a company that has not advertised a job, asking if they have any openings. It works best for small businesses — many part…

主动投递：向没有发布招聘广告的公司寄送简历和简短说明，询问是否有职位空缺。对小企业最有效——很多兼职和零工就是这样找到的。

Sponsorship Formal Neutral

When an employer with a licence supports a worker's visa so they can work in the UK. Job adverts may say "sponsorship available" or "we cannot offer sponsorshi…

担保：持有资质的雇主为员工的工作签证提供担保，使其能在英国工作。广告里可能写"提供担保"或"无法提供担保"。这属于签证事务—…

STAR method Neutral Neutral

A way to structure interview answers: Situation, Task, Action, Result. It keeps your example clear and shows the impact you had. UK interviewers often expect a…

STAR 法：组织面试回答的方法——情境（Situation）、任务（Task）、行动（Action）、结果（Result）。它让例子清晰，并突出你带…

Statutory Sick Pay (SSP) Formal Neutral

The minimum pay you may get from your employer if you are too ill to work, for up to 28 weeks. Some employers pay more generous company sick pay on top. The ex…

法定病假工资（SSP）：因病无法工作时，雇主可能支付的最低工资，最长 28 周。有些雇主还额外提供更优厚的公司病假工资。具体金…

Student loan repayment Formal Neutral

If you took a UK student loan, repayments are taken automatically from your pay once you earn over a set threshold — you never post a cheque. It appears as a d…

学生贷款还款：若你办过英国学生贷款，收入超过设定门槛后就会从工资里自动扣还，无需自己转账。它会作为一项扣款出现在工资单…

Tax code Formal Neutral

A short code like 1257L on your payslip that tells your employer how much tax-free income you get before tax starts. A wrong code can mean you pay too much or …

税号：工资单上类似 1257L 的短代码，告诉雇主你有多少免税额度、超过后才开始扣税。税号错了可能导致多缴或少缴税。可在 GOV.U…

Tax year Formal Neutral

The UK tax year runs from 6 April to 5 April the next year, not January to December. Allowances, tax bands and many rates reset on 6 April, so figures are ofte…

税务年度：英国的税务年度是从 4 月 6 日到次年 4 月 5 日，而非 1 月到 12 月。免税额、税率档次和许多费率都在 4 月 6 日重置…

Tea round Informal Polite

A small but real part of UK office culture: someone offers to make hot drinks for everyone nearby, and people take turns. Offering to do the tea round is a fri…

轮流泡茶（tea round）：英国办公室文化中虽小却真实的一环：有人主动为附近同事泡热饮，大家轮流来。主动张罗一轮茶水，是融入…

Temp / agency work Informal Neutral

Short-term work, often arranged through a recruitment agency. The agency is technically your employer and pays you, while you work at a client company. Good fo…

临时工作，通常通过招聘中介安排。名义上中介是你的雇主并给你发工资，你在客户公司干活。适合快速赚钱，有时能转正（temp to p…

Time and a half Informal Neutral

An overtime rate of 1.5 times your normal hourly pay. You may also hear double time (twice the rate), often for bank holidays or nights. These rates only apply…

一倍半工资：加班时按正常时薪的 1.5 倍计酬。你也可能听到 double time（两倍工资），常见于公共假日或夜班。只有合同或雇主提…

Timesheet Neutral Neutral

A record of the hours you worked, which you fill in (often weekly) so you can be paid correctly — essential for agency, hourly and shift jobs. Missing the time…

工时表（timesheet）：你填写的工作时长记录（常为每周），以便正确发薪——对中介工、计时工和轮班工尤其重要。错过工时表截止时…

TOIL (time off in lieu) Neutral Neutral

Instead of being paid for extra hours, you take an equal amount of time off later. Common in offices and the public sector. Agree how and when you can take it …

调休（TOIL）：加班的时间不折现，而是日后换取等量的休息时间。办公室和公共部门常见。加班前先谈好怎么调、何时能调。

Trade union Neutral Neutral

An organisation that represents workers and negotiates with employers over pay and conditions. In the UK you have the legal right to join one, and it can suppo…

工会（trade union）：代表工人、就工资和工作条件与雇主谈判的组织。在英国你有依法加入的权利，遇到纠纷时它能为你提供支持。…

Umbrella company Formal Neutral

A company that employs contractors and temps on behalf of agencies, running their PAYE and paying them. It simplifies tax but takes a fee and can reduce take-h…

伞式公司（umbrella company）：代表中介雇用合同工和临时工的公司，替他们走 PAYE 并发薪。它简化了税务，但收取费用，可能降…

UTR (Unique Taxpayer Reference) Formal Neutral

A 10-digit number HMRC gives you when you register for Self Assessment, used to identify you for tax. It is different from your National Insurance number. You …

UTR（唯一纳税人参考号）：你注册 Self Assessment 时 HMRC 发给你的 10 位数字，用于税务识别，与国民保险号不同。报税时需要…

Video interview Neutral Neutral

An interview over a video call, or a one-way recording where you answer set questions on camera. Test your camera and internet beforehand, sit somewhere quiet …

视频面试（video interview）：通过视频通话进行的面试，或对着镜头录制回答固定问题的单向录像。事先测好摄像头和网络，坐在安…

WFH (working from home) Informal Neutral

Short for "working from home". Used in messages like "WFH today". "Fully remote" means you never need to go to an office; WFH often just means home working on …

"working from home"（在家办公）的缩写，常见于消息里，如"WFH today"（今天在家办公）。"fully remote"是完全远程；WFH通常只…

Work experience Neutral Neutral

Both the general phrase for your job history and the name for short unpaid or low-paid placements, often a week or two, that school and university students do …

既指你的工作经历（简历意义上的"工作经验"），也指中学生、大学生为体验职场而做的一两周短期见习，这类见习常无薪或低薪。

Workplace pension Neutral Neutral

A pension you build up through your job. You pay in a percentage of your wages, and your employer adds money too. Under auto-enrolment most UK workers are sign…

职场养老金：通过工作积累的养老金。你缴纳工资的一定比例，雇主也会额外注资。根据自动加入制度，大多数英国员工会被自动纳入…

Zero-hours contract Neutral Neutral

A contract with no guaranteed hours — the employer offers shifts when they have work, and pay only comes when you work. Common in hospitality, retail and care.…

零工时合同：不保证任何工时，雇主有活儿才排班，干了才有钱。餐饮、零售和护理行业常见。你仍享有最低工资、带薪假等权利，详…